Engineering Mathematics Ka Stroud 7th Edition Pdf 1185
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A significant contribution to the development of science and technology of the Byzantine Empire was made by Constantine the Philosopher, the Byzantine astronomer-mathematician. He was the first to study the mathematical and astronomical aspects of the planet Venus.[208]
In the field of geometry, the two most influential Byzantine mathematicians were Diophantus and Hero of Alexandria. Diophantus (284-287) made important contributions in algebra and trigonometry, while Hero has been credited with the creation of a number of mathematical terms. His most important work is De Subtilitate (On the Subtilty of Things).[206]
Density, which is the ratio of volume to mass, was known from c. 600, and early in the 7th century, a treatise on infinitesimal calculus, the Epitome, was devised. [209] In the 10th century, a treatise on spherical trigonometry was written.
In the field of mathematics, especially mathematics relating to arithmetical analysis, the development was rapid in the Byzantine Empire. [207] For example, the method of indivisibles, devised to help in solving division problems, was developed c. 500 and, by the time of the Great Schism and the Fourth Crusade, was so well developed as to be used by the pre-Scholastic school in the West. [208]
The Byzantine Empire is known to have been the first to develop the techniques of modern cartography. [211] A Nautical Almanac was formulated by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in the 11th century. His treatise was probably the first attempt to regulate the movements of celestial bodies by the use of mathematics, and it was the first such work of its kind that has survived. [212]
Moreover, the influences of Byzantine scholars on the production of Muslim scholars in this period is also remarkable. For example, the great mathematician-engineer al-Khwarizmi (Alkindus) developed his arithmetical techniques by means of the earlier works of the Byzantine scholars, and not just those of Abu-Bakr al-Sijistani (Algorism) and of the ninth-century mathematician and astronomer, Brahmagupta (Al-Khwarizmi). [205] 827ec27edc